Several high-ranking bankers have left their jobs at major investment banks in the last 13 months amid a surge in U.S. healthcare deal activity to seek better compensation at boutique investment banks as well as to participate in the growth of the industry at biotech companies themselves. JPMorgan Chase & Co and Bank of America have both lost senior healthcare investment bankers to boutique investment bank Guggenheim Partners, showing that banks face challenges in being able to pay competitive rates.